Fundación Fórmula Sonrisa

Fundación Fórmula Sonrisa

Fundación Fórmula Sonrisa is an organization created in the United States with status 501 c3 for the Colombian pilot Juan Pablo Montoya and his wife Connie Freydell in the year 2003, in order to improve, across the sport, the quality of life of the Colombian children in vulnerable situations.

The foundation focuses all his efforts in the sport with the intention of complementing the basic education to which they have the right to provide a more complete formation and a more promising future. Across the practice of the sports the learning is reinforced in the academic classrooms, they are motivated so that they are still educated and one teaches them to use his free time in healthy activities, removing them from the streets where they find drugs and violence.



The Fundación Fórmula Sonrisa improves the life of the neediest Colombian children and its environment, resting on strategic alliances and implementing a program that values sports and the recreation.


To generate a social impact across:

Strengthening

Creation

Andrea Marcela Rojas Correa
Code: 200620857
Medicine
Group: 10

BONO AND SOCIAL WORK

Paul Hewson or better known by his stage name like Bond, is the vocalista and leader of the band of U2 rock. Also it is recognized in the world to become jumbled actively in social aids, and this work has recognized name Bond several times to the Nobel Peace Prize.

Bond was born the 10 of May of 1960, in the city of capital Dublín of Ireland. Bond attended the ecumenical school of Mount Temple Comprehesive in where it knew his companions of band. In 1976 Larry Mullen Jr, schoolmate of Bond, looked for people to form a rock band; Bond was united to the band along with other schoolmates and was born U2.

As far as the social Bond work, From 1999 one has become jumbled more and more in campaigns in favor of the condonación of the external debt of the third world. In May of 2002, it guided the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States Paul O'Neill in tour through four African countries. That same year, Bond founded a called organization DATA, whose objective is to alert on the impagables debts that it maintains the continent, the uncontrolled transmission of AIDS, and the unjust rules of commerce that damage their impoverished citizens. Bond has received numerous recognitions at world-wide level within which they emphasize his consecutive nominations to the Nobel Peace Prize , the election on the part of the Time magazine like the man of the year in 2005, among other prizes.

The great social Bond work demonstrates good intentions q must to improve the world and to help to less the most needed. With this work it demonstrates that not only it is a great star of rock, if not that also becomes aware great social.

NAME: LAURA MARCELA ALVAREZ PARRA
CODE: 200620889
SCHOOL: MEDICINE
GROUP: 10

MOREMI NATURAL RESERVE IN AFRICA.

Those who are interested in safaris, wildlife and contact with the ground can have on the nation of Botswana one of the best options: The Nature Reserve Moremi.

It is a nature reserve northeast of Botswana; nation of southern Africa. It comprises some 3.000 square kilometers within the Okavango Delta area.
It has diverse habitats from desert to the permanently flooded delta, covering forests, ponds and depressions; covered with forests moroko.

It is officially protected to preserve wildlife. This reserve captive by its varied wildlife in the delta, we can find elephants, lions,leopards, buffalos,hippopotamus, antelopes, for its great tourist attraction since its walks are visiting the animals on foot or by canoe.

NAME: LAURA MARCELA ALVAREZ PARRA
CODE: 200620889
SCHOOL: MEDICINE
GROUP: 10

SAHARA DESERT

“The Great Desert”, is the world's largest hot desert and the world's second largest desert after Antarctica. At over 9,000,000 square kilometers, it covers most parts of northern Africa; an area stretching from the Red Sea, including parts of the Mediterranean coasts, to the outskirts of the Atlantic Ocean. It is almost as large as the continental United States, and is larger than Australia. The Sahara has an intermittent history that may go back as much as 3 million years.
The boundaries of the Sahara are the Atlantic Ocean on the west, the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea on the north, the Red Sea and Egypt on the east, and the Sudan and the valley of the Niger River on the south.
The climate of the Sahara has undergone enormous variation between wet and dry over the last few hundred thousand years.[16] During the last ice age, the Sahara was bigger than it is today, extending south beyond its current boundaries.
Fauna
• The Leiurus quinquestriatus (aka Deathstalker) scorpion which can be 10 cm long. Its Agitoxin and Scyllatoxin, toxins contained within the venom, are fatal in the majority of cases.

• Sand vipers, which average less than 50 cm in length. Many have a pair of horns, one over each eye. Active at night, they usually lie buried in the sand with only their eyes visible. Bites are painful, but rarely fatal.

• The fennec, an omnivore.

• The hyrax. It first appears in the fossil record over 40 million years ago, and for many millions of years hyraxes were the primary terrestrial herbivore in Africa.
Andrea Marcela Rojas Correa
Code: 200620857
Medicine
Group: 10

Bill Gates

William Henry Gates (born October 28, 1955), is an American business magnate, philanthropist, the world's third richest man (as of 2008),[1] and chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen.

Gates was born in Seattle, Washington and excelled in school early on. He enrolled at Harvard College in 1973, where he met Steve Ballmer, who would later become CEO of Microsoft.

In the later stages of his career, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000.

Since 2000, the nominal value of his Microsoft holdings has declined due to a fall in Microsoft's stock price after the dot-com bubble and the multi-billion dollar donations he has made to his charitable foundations.

Laura Valencia

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Bill and Melinda Gates believe every life has equal value. In 2000, they created the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to help reduce inequities in the United States and around the world.

Headquartered in Seattle, Washington, the foundation is led by co-chairs Bill Gates, Melinda Gates, and William H. Gates Sr., and by CEO Patty Stonesifer.

Our work begins with Bill and Melinda Gates’s belief that all lives have equal value. We think all people deserve the chance to have healthy, productive lives. We have been developing a process that helps us decide how to spend our time, effort, and money so we can accomplish that goal for as many people as possible. This process helps us choose the issues we will work on and the groups to which we will make grants.

Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett set our overarching priorities such as improving health and reducing extreme poverty in the developing world and improving high school education in the U.S. and they establish high-level goals for our grantmaking programs. Then our three program teams devise a strategy for meeting these goals.

VICTORIA FALLS

The Victoria Falls or Mosi-oa-Tunya (the Smoke that Thunders) is a waterfall situated in southern Africa on the Zambezi River between the countries of Zambia and Zimbabwe. The falls are, by some measures, the largest waterfall in the world, as well as being among the most unusual in form, and having arguably the most diverse and easily seen wildlife of any major waterfall site.

Mosi-oa-Tunya is the name used by the local people and Victoria Falls is the later name given by Europeans.
Although Victoria Falls constitute neither the highest nor the widest waterfall in the world, the claim it is the largest is based on a width of 1.7 kilometres (1 mi) and height of 108 meters (360 ft), forming the largest sheet of falling water in the world.

Victoria Falls are one of Africa's major tourist attractions, and are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The falls are shared between Zambia and Zimbabwe, and each country has a national park to protect them and a town serving as a tourism centre: Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park and Livingstone in Zambia, and Victoria Falls National Park and the town of Victoria Falls in Zimbabwe.[

Gabon

Capital: Libreville
Official languages: French

History: The earliest inhabitants of the area were Pygmy peoples. They were largely replaced and absorbed by Bantu tribes as they migrated.
In the 15th century, the first Europeans arrived.

In 1910, Gabon became one of the four territories of French Equatorial Africa, a federation that survived until 1959. These territories became independent on August 17, 1960.


Geography: Gabon is located on the Atlantic coast of central Africa. Gabon has an equatorial climate with an extensive system of rainforests covering 85% of the country.

There are three distinct regions: the coastal plains, the mountains and the savanna in the east.

Gabon's largest river is the Ogooué which is 1200 km long. Gabon is also noted for efforts to preserve the natural environment.

Culture: Gabonese music is little-known in comparison with regional giants like the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cameroon.
Imported rock and hip hop from the US and UK are popular in Gabon, as are rumba, makossa and soukous.

Masks: Gabon also features internationally celebrated masks, such as the n'goltang (Fang) and the relicary figures of the Kota. Each group has its own set of masks used for various reasons. They are mostly used in traditional ceremonies such as marriage, birth and funerals. Traditionalists mainly work with rare local woods and other precious materials.

Laura Valencia

THE AFRICAN CHEETAH

The Cheetah are confined to parts of Eastern and Southwestern Africa. They are well adapted to dry habitats such as savanna grasslands and semi-deserts.

CHARACTERISTICS:

The Cheetah is the fastest land mammal in the worl and can reach speeds of 80-100 km/h. However, it's only able to keep up this speed for a short period of time. The Ceetah has a slender body, a small head, a long legs, which allows the claws to always be explosed. The tail is also adapted to help maintain balance at high speeds and during quick turns. The Cheetah has a background color of light golden yellow/tan, covered with small, round, black spots on the cheeks, forehead, crown, neck, and limbs. They have a distinctive black tear-shaped from the corner of the eye to corner of the mouth and a mane-like black stripe running the length of their back.

Instead, they make birdlike chirping sounds for commnication with other members of the family and they hiss when angered or threatened and purr loudly when they are content. Chetah has a good sense of smell and communicates by scenting tree trunks, bushes and termite mound with their waste.

REPRODUCTION AND PREDATORS:

Cheetahs are 95 cm tall and males weigh about 55 kg and females about 40 kg. On overage the Cheetah for 12 years in the wild. The gestation period is usually 3 months and a female gives birth to between 2 and 6 cubs.They breed throughout the year and it's the female who raises the cubs. Cubs are smoky grey in colour with long woolly hair, called a mantle, running along their backs. Cheetahs are often killed by lions and hyenas, specially their cubs. Up to 80% of the cubs don't survive.

LINA MARIA MORALES BOHORQUEZ

MEDICINA

200711247

GRUPO 10

RARE ANIMALS IN AFRICA - SUMMARY

Africa is a country with a wide variety of animals, some well known by people and others not well known.

One of the rare animals living in Africa is the "Cerval". It is a small cat, it live in the savanna and forests of Africa. The "Cerval" is characterized as a lone feline and a good hunter.

Another rare animal is "the eating of common bees". This animal is a small colorful bird, it lives in Zimbabwe, Congo and Tanzania. This animal is chacacterized by eating insects but especially bees.

These two animals are not well known in the world. But unfortunately are in danger of extinction. The man hunt, and to sell them out of their natural habitat. If people are not made aware of these beautiful species disappear soon.

NAME: LAURA MARCELA ALVAREZ P

CODE 200620889

SCHOOL: MEDICINE

GROUP: 10

SALOMON HAKIM DOW

Salomon Hakim is an important person in Medicine; because he helped to improve the medicine in Colombia. He invented the Hakim Valve.

He is Neurosurgeon and researcher. He was born in Barranquilla on June 4th, 1929. He was graduated from the National University as a Doctor, them he continued his medical studies in the United States in Harvard University, specializing in Neurosurgery at the Lahey Clinic in Boston. In 1964, after much research, Dr Hakim invented the Hakim Valve, this was his greates contribution to modern medicine. In Colombia, he was a teacher at the Andes University, National University and Javeriana University; also, he was director of the Neurosurgeons Department in the Military Hospital.

This character is the most important because thanks to their researches, Colombia can be recognized as one on the best Countries in Medicine.

NAME: LAURA MARCELA ALVAREZ P

CODE: 200620889

SCHOOL: MEDICINE

GROUP: 10

Manuel Elkin Patarroyo vs Arthur Guyton

Guyton is most famous for his experiments in the 1950 which studied the physiology of cardiac output and its relationship with the periphel circulation. He was born on September 8, 1919 and he died on April 3, 2003.

Manuel Elkin P...He graduated in 1970 for the National University of Colombia and one year later he obtained his doctorate in medicine and surgery.When Manuel Elkin was a children he felt admiration for Luis Pasteur.

In the National University was founded the Institute of Immunology of the Hospital San Juan de Dio, in which he has advanced investigations on lupus, genetic scoreboards etc. In an act of generosity, Patarroyo donated the vaccine, in name of Colombia, to the World Organization of the Health (OMS) in May, 1993.

These two figures contributed to a great advance to the science and thanks to them nowadays it is very easy to study the medicine and the related thing to the health.

Laura Valencia

Code: 200620583

School: Medicine

Date: 17/04/08

WORLD

Otto Spoerri is a doctor who is passionate about what he does. This professor of neurosurgery, retired, was born in Switzerland then went to Honduras, Tegucigalpa where he founded. School of Medicine at the Hospital.

The history of what is today the best laboratory microsurgery of Central America began in 1999, when Spoerri, professor of neurosurgery, withdrew from the University of Goettinhen, Germany, arrived in Honduras, where he discovered a critical situation in major centers throughout the country.

In 2000 he returned to Honduras with a project already in the hand that came true on the basis not only of hard work, but of passion and dreams that gradually have become a reality. This doctor, which is now 74 years old, was elected permanent representative of the Foundation for International Education in Neurosurgery (FIENS) in Honduras, where it was installed in 2000 the lab Microsurgery that works at the hospital school and is now considered a pilot project only in the Central American region.

On March 28, when met six years of being in the country, Spoerri opened the lab to the press, with major exhibitions.

Andrea Marcela Rojas Correa
Code: 200620857
School: Medicine
28 de Marzo del 2008
Grupo: 10

COLOMBIA

Rodolfo Llinás Riascos was born on 1934 in Bogotá, Colombia. Motivated by the curiosity of watching his grandfather’s of neuropsiquiatra, Rodolfo finished school in 1952 from the Modern Gymnasium, then entered the Pontifical Javeriana University where he finished with a title in Medical surge.

Rodolfo had the opportunity to travel to Europe, where he meet several investigator in Spain and France, Rodolfo had the opportunity to participate in experiments of neurofisiogia. He traveled to the United States to start his residence in neurosurgery but he changed his mind and wanted to experiment in neuroscience.

Rodolfo Llinás is one of the parents of neuroscience. His achievements are discovery of the dendrite inhibition in the types of neurons that compose the cerebellum and define the function of the cerebella from on evolutionary perspective.

Manuel Elkin Patarroyo Murillo was born on November 3, 1946 in Bogotá, Colombia, He is a Colombian doctor globally recognized for the development of the synthetic vaccine against malaria, a disease transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. This vaccine, which is effective in humans between 40-60%, could help prevent the action of this disease, he won in the 1994 Prince of Asturias Award for Scientific and Technical Research for this discovery. In 1999 he tested the vaccine in Gambia, Tanzania and Thailand, with partially effective results.

The results of the work done at the Institute of Immunology, today Foundation Institute of Immunology, Colombia, FIDIC, which are more obvious. On the one hand, you have meant to Patarroyo and his group, different national and foreign awards: four times (1979, 1981, 1984 and 1986) has won the National Science "Angel Alejandro Escobar; have been awarded two national awards in medicine, a time of the State of São Paulo, in the mode of Science and Technology (1989); the ACAC to scientific merit, awarded by the Colombian Association for the Advancement of Science (1989), among others.

Moreover, Patarroyo has received countless awards: Knight of the Order of San Carlos by the President of the Republic (1984); medal of merit from the National University of Colombia (1985).

Andrea Marcela Rojas Correa
Code: 200620857
School: Medicine
28 de Marzo del 2008
Grupo: 10

The African wild dog

It is the Canidae family and related to the domestic dog. It is found only in Africa, especially in areas savannas, Lycaon pictus. Its scientific name means "painted dog" and it is very curious that no members of the same species have the same pattern of spots and are very difficult to tame.

The African wild dog or Lycaon always hunt in packs and are the best hunters of the world. The African wild dog is very tough, cunning, emit sounds similar to the birds, measuring up to 76.2 centimeters his shoulder, weighing between 18 to 36 kilograms, which in turn makes the prey of lions and hyenas.

These dogs are endangered and in need vast territories to hunt and every time they are fewer, the average life of freedom is only 4 years in captivity, have more opportunities because they can live 10 degrees to 13 years.

The social system of the African wild dog is based on the maternal authority. When hunt given food for members who have stayed in the care of the offspring during their outings.

Date: 11 April 2008
Name: Andrea Marcela Rojas Correa
Code: 200620857
School: Medicine
Group: 10

MANUEL ELKIN PATARROYO MURILLO

MANUEL ELKIN PATARROYO MURILLO


Manuel Elkin Patarroyo is a Colombian scientist born on November 3rd 1946 in Ataco, Tolima . He was born into a family of 11 children, his family was decisive to his development as a scientist.

Patarroyo was graduated of high school in 1964, from the School José Max León of Bogotá. In 1965 he entered to study medicine at the National University of Colombia and he obtained his doctor title in Medicine and Surgery in December 1971.

He worked hard to find a synthetic vaccine against the malaria, an illness transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, in 1994 he won the Prize Prince of Asturias of Scientific Investigation and Technique.
On the other hand, Patarroyo has received infinity of badges: Gentleman of San Carlos' Order on the part of the Presidency of the Republic (1984); medal to the merit of the National University of Colombia (1985); among others.
Patarroyo donated the vaccine, in May of 1993, to the World Organization of the Health (OMS), with the condition that its production and commercialization were made in Colombia.

At the moment Manuel Elkin Patarrollo continues working in the Colombian Institute of Immunology, where he directs different investigative projects and where he fights for the formation of Colombian scientists.

Today, Manuel Elkin Patarroyo, the 52-year-old Colombian physician is working on a universal method for developing vaccines with his team of 180 chemists, physicists, mathematicians, microbiologists, biologists and physicians in the Institute of Immunology at the San Juan de Dios Hospital in Bogota. And he also gives conferences to fellow scientists, and also addresses schoolchildren.

Patarroyo is an investigator, he likes to participate as a presenter in infinity of congresses and national meetings and foreigners, he likes to investigate in the field of the genetics and immunology, he doesn’t like to waste his time in superficial things.

I strongly believe that this important scientist has worked hard , with effort, study and dedication, He gives his love of science to the people around the World , and he is an example of humanitarian heroe.

Andrea Villamizar Ruiz
Code: 200621091
Medicina
Group 10

SANTIAGO RAMON Y CAJAL

SANTIAGO RAMON Y CAJAL

Santiago Ramon y Cajal, Spanish histologist, Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1906 for discovering the mechanisms that govern the morphology and processes of connective nerve cells, a new and revolutionize theory that became known as the "doctrine of the neuron.

He was born on May 1, 1852 in Petilla of Aragon, Navarre and he died on October 17 of 1974 in Madrid.

He realized his primary school with the Jesuits in Jaca and high school at the institute of Huesca.

His theory a scheme estructural nervous system was accepted in 1889 at the Congress of the Anatomical Society and was known as the "doctrine of the neuron" and it highlights the transmission of nerve impulse.

He was conscripted into the military in the war in Cuba where he worked as a Doctor

His work and his contribution to neuroscience would be recognized, finally, in 1906, with the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, award shared with the Italian Camillo Golgi, whose staining method applied Cajal for years.


Julieth Andrea Villamizar Ruiz
Code: 200621091
Medicina
Group 10

AFRICAN ELEPHANT

AFRICAN ELEPHANT


The African elephant is the biggest terrestrial animal of the planet. While the males measure near 3 meters at a height of the shoulder, and weigh of 5 thousand to 6 thousand kilograms, the females measure near 2.5 meters at a height of the shoulder and weigh among three thousand and three thousand 500 kilograms.

So much to the males like the females there grow fangs. The fangs grow across the whole life of the animal and therefore they are longer in the old animals. The elephants use his fangs to gather the food and to transport them, and also as weapon.

His horn uses to smell, to eat, to communicate, to manipulate objects, to bathe and to be drunk (though these do not drink across his horns they suck the water and spray it inside it mouths).

Historically the African elephants were living the areas of the south of the Sahara, in spite of the fact that nowadays they are restricted to the forests, mounts and parks and reserves due to the human invasion and the agricultural expansion. They live in matriarchal migratory complex herds from eight to ten and fifteen related animals led by a dominant female.


NAME: Andrea Villamizar Ruiz
Code: 200621091
Group: 10
Medicine

Extinct Animals Of Africa

The chimpanzee lives in Africa. The chimpanzees principally eat: Ants, thermites and fruit. Also they eat leaves and bark.

This animal demonstrates preference to the rainy jungles, the mountainous forests. The author mentions that they are kept in groups or communities and it is possible that several individuals work together to do a common nest. The chimpanzee has the body covered by smooth hair generally of black deep color. They is in numerous groups only when they have desire of playing. The chimpanzees do not have fixed housing.The chimpanzees are a species in extinction and many people and many people take care of them.

The females usually only have one only son in every pregnancy. The period of gestation takes approximately 230 days. The females achieve the maturity at the age of 8, the males at the age of 10.

Laura Valencia
Code: 200620583
School: Medicine
Date: 17/04/08

DOCTOR JORGE CAMACHO GAMBA

Jorge Camacho was born in Bogota on Tuesday, the 16th of January, 1906. He entered to San Bartolomé's Major College. He graduated of high school in 1925. He entered to the Faculty of Medicine of the National University, it was the educational only one in Bogota where medicine was showed in that epoch.

He graduates in 1934, with a thesis called: "Annotations on the chemistry of the nourishment, acid cheesy milk and the nourishing condition of the breast-fed baby in Bogota". His practice of post-degree initiated it in the Hospital de la Misericordia. There he remained three years, first as external medical student teacher and then internally.

In this epoch the activity that more he it rewarded, his educational pediatric career. He begins as chief of clinic and he acceded as teacher of pediatrics of the Faculty of Medicine of the National University. In the latter years he was a teacher of the same chair in the School of Medicine Juan N. Corpas. In 1942 he founded the Colombian Magazine of Pediatrics and Puericulture. In the decade of the 50s he creates and provides in the Hospital San Jose in Bogota, with help of numerous generous benefactors. Being in Paris he knew the studies on Toxoplasmosis, this research was worth the revenue him to the National Academy of Medicine. he got out of a jam itself with notable success as president of the Medical Colombian Federation.


LINA MARIA MORALES BOHORQUEZ
200711247
MEDICINA
GRUPO 10

PROFILE

Hi, my name is Lina Morales I’m 19 years old I’m studying medicine in Universidad de la Sabana and i'm so happy with my career though it's so dificult i think that it's very reward. Also I like swim, it’s my favorite sport and I practice it frequently. In my free time, I like to listen to music specially The Cardigans, Gwen Stefany and Andres Calamaro, but I love all music. I like to share with my family on weekends and I adore to go to bars and restaurants with my friends.


Lina Maria Morales Bohorquez
200711247
Medicina
Grupo 10

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE IN AFRICA

People in africa have so many customs specially Christians who use Alternative Medicine, thinking that the Bible condemns techniques such as biofeedback, maditation, herbal remedies, acupuncture, chiropractic care, hypnosis, yoga, visualization, homeopathy and aromatherapy. They think that some kinds of alternative medicine are good for health but they tink that other are bad too, for example: The Hallelujah Diet (a popular vegetarian Christian diet), also earns high marks for its emphasis on biblical nutrition, while marijuana is not recomended, despite benefical results in treating some diseases.

Yoga is fine as a complementary practice that "can improve general well-being", but it is "antithetical to biblical Christianity" when used "as a deeply religious practice with the goal of union with the divine". Prescription drugs are sometimes derived from herbal remedies (such as aspirin from willow bark). They caution readers to give more credibility to therapies that have been clinically tested in randomly controlled trials. Always the Christians promote the theological idea that thair bodies are temples of the Holly Spirit.


Lina Maria Morales Bohorquez
200711247
Medicina
Grupo 10

Alternative medicine in Africa and Colombia

Complementary medicine in Colombia and Africa began because of the need to meet the needs of people who could not be treated in health centers.

In Africa people think that, for instance diabetes is not a disease, they think that it is their
fault for a debt for something no paid or that they did something wrong to someone else and that’s why they get sick. In Africa it is believed that the absence of a cure for this disease is normal

In Africa women can take care of their skin and hair thanks to almond tree of Karité, provides a lard which, when applied on the face returns elasticity to the skin, as well as hydrate the layers most exposed in there hair. The lard can be applied as "bath cream." By itself restores in the deep capillary structure, giving brightness, smoothness and volume. It also protects the epidermis, is an excellent barrier against cold, wind and dryness.
The epidermis which is close to the nose irritated by allergies and colds can be treated with Karité Butter.

In Colombia this science sought to integrate all other since traditional medicine to allopathic introducing acupuncture, herbal medicine, homeopathy, flower therapy, among others, with the end of giving a better life using the different methods that the Indian tribes in Colombia used with there herbs for example “el Toronjil” that is used to lower the nerves like the water of mazanilla.

Written by: Andrea Marcela Rojas Correa
Código:200620857

THE POPULAR REMEDIES IN AFRICA

The medicine in Africa is very traditional, because its related with yours culture, its religion and its customs. In most of the African tribes the healers are also the leaders and priests.
The popular remedies in Africa are based on vegetables, animals, minerals, spiritual therapies and manual exercises. The most widely used remedies in Africa are the facts based on traditional plants, for Example for the digestive problems the African take herbs from Olkiloriti, for the headaches take herbs of Skullcap, and for the respiratory problems take herbs from Mullein and Elecampane; these remedies done with herbs must go accompanied of spiritual baths, a symbolic sacrifice, songs and dance done by the healers.

If we comparated the African culture with Colombian culture, there isn`t much difference. The Colombian natives also use popular remedies made with own herbs of the country to cure the diseases. The most important difference between the Colombian culture and African culture is that in Colombia isn`t as common use of remedies popular because of the people who have access to medicine today, on the other hand the people in Africa do not have easy access to medicine today because of poverty in the country.

LINKS:
*http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Etnologia/index.htm
*graand.com/Afryka_Zdrowie_Medycyna_i_Uroda_k_AF_c_4.html
*http://www.yoteca.com/pg/Informacion-de-medicina-en-africa.asp

NAME: LAURA MARCELA ALVAREZ PARRA
CODE: 200620889
PRE-INTERMEDIATE
GROUP 10

MY PROFILE

HI!!!!!!

My name is Laura Alvarez; I`m 18 years, I`m from Bogota and I live with my Mom and my Brother.
In this moment I`m study medicine at L a Sabana University, I`m in third semester.
In my free time, I absolutely love going to bars or giong to cinema with my friens because it`s very funny, in addition I like to share witth my family on the weekend. In the other hand, I really hate getting up early on the weekend and, I don`t like cooking.

NAME: LAURA MARCELA ALVAREZ PARRA
CODE 200620889
PRE-INTERMEDIATE
GROUP 10

Personal Profile

Hello!!
My name is Andrea Rojas; I was born on the first of October first of 1986 in Bogotá Colombia, I live with my mom and dad, I have two brothers named Dario and Giovanni and also a nephew named Santiago, he is two years old. My house has three bedrooms but there is only one private bathroom and there is a studio. There isn’t a garden but the top floor has a private terrace.


I live in the capital of Colombia, which is a very interesting country, with lots of things to see. I live in Bogotá, in the center. Bogotá is also a big city with lots of shops and beautiful museums. Cartagena, Santa Marta, Barranquilla and Gujira are in the north of the country and there are some very nice beaches. There are volcanos and snow-coverd mountains in the center and in the east there is livestock farming and agriculture. We have also jungles and forests in the south.

I go to the University of La Sabana in Chía where I study medicine because I like to help people. The things I don’t like are waking up early and eat vegetables and go out when it’s raining.
I like goto movies and out to eat with my boyfriend Randy, he is twenty-five years old and he is from the United States but lives here in Colombia with his dad, we have been together for three years and eleven months.


Written by: Andrea Marcela Rojas Correa.
Código:200620857

AFRICA: Alternative Medicine

The traditional medicines herbal are assuming a important role in the primary care of the health of individuals and communities.

It is difficult to separate the African medicine of the African religion. The traditional healers use scientific knowledge, in addition scientific medicines are obtained principally of the plants.

YORUBA MEDICINE:

Orunmila's educations the People Yoruba centre on the prophecy, the prayer(sentence), the dance, symbolic gestures, the personal and community overcoming, the spiritual baths, the meditation.

The work of the Oloogun (healer) is to help the patient to overcome the opposite forces that break his health. To fight in favour of the overcoming and purification of the nature humanizes, they are seen constant in fight by the devilish beings, destructive forces of the nature that try to destroy the human being.
Obatala: Skullcap, Salvia, Nut, albahaca, Hyssop, vervain, White willow, valerian.

Elegba: All the herbs

Oshun: Burdock, Cinnamon, damiana, Anise, Raspberry, chamomile, Lotus, buchu, Myrrh, Echinacea. The Oloogun (doctor) who practices the Yoruba medicine, besides analyzing the symptoms of the patient, looks for the emotional and spiritual reasons of the disease to appease the negative forces.

Laura Valencia
Medicine
Group 10

A little of my life...!!

Hello!!

My name is Laura Valencia I was born On August 30, 1988 in Amalfi (Antioquia). For 7 years I lived in the town and when I was 7 years old I went to Bogotá to live with my mom and my stepfather.

In 1996 my sister Maria Camila was born who nowadays have 11 years. My mother is a housewife and my father is a veterinary. I live with my parents and sister in Bogotá and the rest of the family lives in Medellin. In 2005 finished my high school in the Agustiniano School and in 2006 a pre-doctor realize in the university La Sabana.

I absolutely love go out with my friends and boyfriend to parties and I am a real party animal always. In my free time I quite like meeting friends in differents places. But I don’t like getting up early at the weekends so I usually stay in bed late sometimes until about 10:00am.

Nowadays I study the third semester of medicine in this university and I am very happy.

Laura Valencia
Medicine
Group 10

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE

AFRICA VS COLOMBIA


To begin with the comparission between alternative medicine in Africa and Colombia. We can start by their similarities. Africa is a pioners in alternative medicine on the world. Since ancient times Africa has used medicine join with religion or mystic (wizards or chamans). This is very similar to Colombia. In the prehispanic age, Colombian tribes used to practice medicine using religion as a "divine path" to cure the sikness people.

No matter how long has been past since the begining of altenative medicine in both countries, nowadays religion and popular believes have more credibility than tradicional medicine (doctors, nurses, especialist, ect). it is very comun to find in Colombia the "curandero" and in Africa the "chamans" they do the same, they belive that plants have special and supernatural properties that heal the sickness or the disease.

MY PROFILE


Hi! my name is Julieth Villamizar, I am 19 years old, I am from Bogotá, Colombia.
Actually I am coursing third semester of Medicine at Universidad de La Sabana. I really like my university, because I have a lot of friends there, and also is near to my house and more over, because there I found my passion for Medicine.

I am the third one of four brother that we are. I live with my Mom and with my Dad, but he is always traveling. I have been living in Chia for three years, but the rest of my family live in Bogotá, that´s why I always go on saturdays to Bogotá to visit my family there.