THE AFRICAN CHEETAH

The Cheetah are confined to parts of Eastern and Southwestern Africa. They are well adapted to dry habitats such as savanna grasslands and semi-deserts.

CHARACTERISTICS:

The Cheetah is the fastest land mammal in the worl and can reach speeds of 80-100 km/h. However, it's only able to keep up this speed for a short period of time. The Ceetah has a slender body, a small head, a long legs, which allows the claws to always be explosed. The tail is also adapted to help maintain balance at high speeds and during quick turns. The Cheetah has a background color of light golden yellow/tan, covered with small, round, black spots on the cheeks, forehead, crown, neck, and limbs. They have a distinctive black tear-shaped from the corner of the eye to corner of the mouth and a mane-like black stripe running the length of their back.

Instead, they make birdlike chirping sounds for commnication with other members of the family and they hiss when angered or threatened and purr loudly when they are content. Chetah has a good sense of smell and communicates by scenting tree trunks, bushes and termite mound with their waste.

REPRODUCTION AND PREDATORS:

Cheetahs are 95 cm tall and males weigh about 55 kg and females about 40 kg. On overage the Cheetah for 12 years in the wild. The gestation period is usually 3 months and a female gives birth to between 2 and 6 cubs.They breed throughout the year and it's the female who raises the cubs. Cubs are smoky grey in colour with long woolly hair, called a mantle, running along their backs. Cheetahs are often killed by lions and hyenas, specially their cubs. Up to 80% of the cubs don't survive.

LINA MARIA MORALES BOHORQUEZ

MEDICINA

200711247

GRUPO 10

RARE ANIMALS IN AFRICA - SUMMARY

Africa is a country with a wide variety of animals, some well known by people and others not well known.

One of the rare animals living in Africa is the "Cerval". It is a small cat, it live in the savanna and forests of Africa. The "Cerval" is characterized as a lone feline and a good hunter.

Another rare animal is "the eating of common bees". This animal is a small colorful bird, it lives in Zimbabwe, Congo and Tanzania. This animal is chacacterized by eating insects but especially bees.

These two animals are not well known in the world. But unfortunately are in danger of extinction. The man hunt, and to sell them out of their natural habitat. If people are not made aware of these beautiful species disappear soon.

NAME: LAURA MARCELA ALVAREZ P

CODE 200620889

SCHOOL: MEDICINE

GROUP: 10

SALOMON HAKIM DOW

Salomon Hakim is an important person in Medicine; because he helped to improve the medicine in Colombia. He invented the Hakim Valve.

He is Neurosurgeon and researcher. He was born in Barranquilla on June 4th, 1929. He was graduated from the National University as a Doctor, them he continued his medical studies in the United States in Harvard University, specializing in Neurosurgery at the Lahey Clinic in Boston. In 1964, after much research, Dr Hakim invented the Hakim Valve, this was his greates contribution to modern medicine. In Colombia, he was a teacher at the Andes University, National University and Javeriana University; also, he was director of the Neurosurgeons Department in the Military Hospital.

This character is the most important because thanks to their researches, Colombia can be recognized as one on the best Countries in Medicine.

NAME: LAURA MARCELA ALVAREZ P

CODE: 200620889

SCHOOL: MEDICINE

GROUP: 10

Manuel Elkin Patarroyo vs Arthur Guyton

Guyton is most famous for his experiments in the 1950 which studied the physiology of cardiac output and its relationship with the periphel circulation. He was born on September 8, 1919 and he died on April 3, 2003.

Manuel Elkin P...He graduated in 1970 for the National University of Colombia and one year later he obtained his doctorate in medicine and surgery.When Manuel Elkin was a children he felt admiration for Luis Pasteur.

In the National University was founded the Institute of Immunology of the Hospital San Juan de Dio, in which he has advanced investigations on lupus, genetic scoreboards etc. In an act of generosity, Patarroyo donated the vaccine, in name of Colombia, to the World Organization of the Health (OMS) in May, 1993.

These two figures contributed to a great advance to the science and thanks to them nowadays it is very easy to study the medicine and the related thing to the health.

Laura Valencia

Code: 200620583

School: Medicine

Date: 17/04/08

WORLD

Otto Spoerri is a doctor who is passionate about what he does. This professor of neurosurgery, retired, was born in Switzerland then went to Honduras, Tegucigalpa where he founded. School of Medicine at the Hospital.

The history of what is today the best laboratory microsurgery of Central America began in 1999, when Spoerri, professor of neurosurgery, withdrew from the University of Goettinhen, Germany, arrived in Honduras, where he discovered a critical situation in major centers throughout the country.

In 2000 he returned to Honduras with a project already in the hand that came true on the basis not only of hard work, but of passion and dreams that gradually have become a reality. This doctor, which is now 74 years old, was elected permanent representative of the Foundation for International Education in Neurosurgery (FIENS) in Honduras, where it was installed in 2000 the lab Microsurgery that works at the hospital school and is now considered a pilot project only in the Central American region.

On March 28, when met six years of being in the country, Spoerri opened the lab to the press, with major exhibitions.

Andrea Marcela Rojas Correa
Code: 200620857
School: Medicine
28 de Marzo del 2008
Grupo: 10

COLOMBIA

Rodolfo Llinás Riascos was born on 1934 in Bogotá, Colombia. Motivated by the curiosity of watching his grandfather’s of neuropsiquiatra, Rodolfo finished school in 1952 from the Modern Gymnasium, then entered the Pontifical Javeriana University where he finished with a title in Medical surge.

Rodolfo had the opportunity to travel to Europe, where he meet several investigator in Spain and France, Rodolfo had the opportunity to participate in experiments of neurofisiogia. He traveled to the United States to start his residence in neurosurgery but he changed his mind and wanted to experiment in neuroscience.

Rodolfo Llinás is one of the parents of neuroscience. His achievements are discovery of the dendrite inhibition in the types of neurons that compose the cerebellum and define the function of the cerebella from on evolutionary perspective.

Manuel Elkin Patarroyo Murillo was born on November 3, 1946 in Bogotá, Colombia, He is a Colombian doctor globally recognized for the development of the synthetic vaccine against malaria, a disease transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. This vaccine, which is effective in humans between 40-60%, could help prevent the action of this disease, he won in the 1994 Prince of Asturias Award for Scientific and Technical Research for this discovery. In 1999 he tested the vaccine in Gambia, Tanzania and Thailand, with partially effective results.

The results of the work done at the Institute of Immunology, today Foundation Institute of Immunology, Colombia, FIDIC, which are more obvious. On the one hand, you have meant to Patarroyo and his group, different national and foreign awards: four times (1979, 1981, 1984 and 1986) has won the National Science "Angel Alejandro Escobar; have been awarded two national awards in medicine, a time of the State of São Paulo, in the mode of Science and Technology (1989); the ACAC to scientific merit, awarded by the Colombian Association for the Advancement of Science (1989), among others.

Moreover, Patarroyo has received countless awards: Knight of the Order of San Carlos by the President of the Republic (1984); medal of merit from the National University of Colombia (1985).

Andrea Marcela Rojas Correa
Code: 200620857
School: Medicine
28 de Marzo del 2008
Grupo: 10

The African wild dog

It is the Canidae family and related to the domestic dog. It is found only in Africa, especially in areas savannas, Lycaon pictus. Its scientific name means "painted dog" and it is very curious that no members of the same species have the same pattern of spots and are very difficult to tame.

The African wild dog or Lycaon always hunt in packs and are the best hunters of the world. The African wild dog is very tough, cunning, emit sounds similar to the birds, measuring up to 76.2 centimeters his shoulder, weighing between 18 to 36 kilograms, which in turn makes the prey of lions and hyenas.

These dogs are endangered and in need vast territories to hunt and every time they are fewer, the average life of freedom is only 4 years in captivity, have more opportunities because they can live 10 degrees to 13 years.

The social system of the African wild dog is based on the maternal authority. When hunt given food for members who have stayed in the care of the offspring during their outings.

Date: 11 April 2008
Name: Andrea Marcela Rojas Correa
Code: 200620857
School: Medicine
Group: 10

MANUEL ELKIN PATARROYO MURILLO

MANUEL ELKIN PATARROYO MURILLO


Manuel Elkin Patarroyo is a Colombian scientist born on November 3rd 1946 in Ataco, Tolima . He was born into a family of 11 children, his family was decisive to his development as a scientist.

Patarroyo was graduated of high school in 1964, from the School José Max León of Bogotá. In 1965 he entered to study medicine at the National University of Colombia and he obtained his doctor title in Medicine and Surgery in December 1971.

He worked hard to find a synthetic vaccine against the malaria, an illness transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, in 1994 he won the Prize Prince of Asturias of Scientific Investigation and Technique.
On the other hand, Patarroyo has received infinity of badges: Gentleman of San Carlos' Order on the part of the Presidency of the Republic (1984); medal to the merit of the National University of Colombia (1985); among others.
Patarroyo donated the vaccine, in May of 1993, to the World Organization of the Health (OMS), with the condition that its production and commercialization were made in Colombia.

At the moment Manuel Elkin Patarrollo continues working in the Colombian Institute of Immunology, where he directs different investigative projects and where he fights for the formation of Colombian scientists.

Today, Manuel Elkin Patarroyo, the 52-year-old Colombian physician is working on a universal method for developing vaccines with his team of 180 chemists, physicists, mathematicians, microbiologists, biologists and physicians in the Institute of Immunology at the San Juan de Dios Hospital in Bogota. And he also gives conferences to fellow scientists, and also addresses schoolchildren.

Patarroyo is an investigator, he likes to participate as a presenter in infinity of congresses and national meetings and foreigners, he likes to investigate in the field of the genetics and immunology, he doesn’t like to waste his time in superficial things.

I strongly believe that this important scientist has worked hard , with effort, study and dedication, He gives his love of science to the people around the World , and he is an example of humanitarian heroe.

Andrea Villamizar Ruiz
Code: 200621091
Medicina
Group 10

SANTIAGO RAMON Y CAJAL

SANTIAGO RAMON Y CAJAL

Santiago Ramon y Cajal, Spanish histologist, Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1906 for discovering the mechanisms that govern the morphology and processes of connective nerve cells, a new and revolutionize theory that became known as the "doctrine of the neuron.

He was born on May 1, 1852 in Petilla of Aragon, Navarre and he died on October 17 of 1974 in Madrid.

He realized his primary school with the Jesuits in Jaca and high school at the institute of Huesca.

His theory a scheme estructural nervous system was accepted in 1889 at the Congress of the Anatomical Society and was known as the "doctrine of the neuron" and it highlights the transmission of nerve impulse.

He was conscripted into the military in the war in Cuba where he worked as a Doctor

His work and his contribution to neuroscience would be recognized, finally, in 1906, with the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, award shared with the Italian Camillo Golgi, whose staining method applied Cajal for years.


Julieth Andrea Villamizar Ruiz
Code: 200621091
Medicina
Group 10

AFRICAN ELEPHANT

AFRICAN ELEPHANT


The African elephant is the biggest terrestrial animal of the planet. While the males measure near 3 meters at a height of the shoulder, and weigh of 5 thousand to 6 thousand kilograms, the females measure near 2.5 meters at a height of the shoulder and weigh among three thousand and three thousand 500 kilograms.

So much to the males like the females there grow fangs. The fangs grow across the whole life of the animal and therefore they are longer in the old animals. The elephants use his fangs to gather the food and to transport them, and also as weapon.

His horn uses to smell, to eat, to communicate, to manipulate objects, to bathe and to be drunk (though these do not drink across his horns they suck the water and spray it inside it mouths).

Historically the African elephants were living the areas of the south of the Sahara, in spite of the fact that nowadays they are restricted to the forests, mounts and parks and reserves due to the human invasion and the agricultural expansion. They live in matriarchal migratory complex herds from eight to ten and fifteen related animals led by a dominant female.


NAME: Andrea Villamizar Ruiz
Code: 200621091
Group: 10
Medicine

Extinct Animals Of Africa

The chimpanzee lives in Africa. The chimpanzees principally eat: Ants, thermites and fruit. Also they eat leaves and bark.

This animal demonstrates preference to the rainy jungles, the mountainous forests. The author mentions that they are kept in groups or communities and it is possible that several individuals work together to do a common nest. The chimpanzee has the body covered by smooth hair generally of black deep color. They is in numerous groups only when they have desire of playing. The chimpanzees do not have fixed housing.The chimpanzees are a species in extinction and many people and many people take care of them.

The females usually only have one only son in every pregnancy. The period of gestation takes approximately 230 days. The females achieve the maturity at the age of 8, the males at the age of 10.

Laura Valencia
Code: 200620583
School: Medicine
Date: 17/04/08

DOCTOR JORGE CAMACHO GAMBA

Jorge Camacho was born in Bogota on Tuesday, the 16th of January, 1906. He entered to San Bartolomé's Major College. He graduated of high school in 1925. He entered to the Faculty of Medicine of the National University, it was the educational only one in Bogota where medicine was showed in that epoch.

He graduates in 1934, with a thesis called: "Annotations on the chemistry of the nourishment, acid cheesy milk and the nourishing condition of the breast-fed baby in Bogota". His practice of post-degree initiated it in the Hospital de la Misericordia. There he remained three years, first as external medical student teacher and then internally.

In this epoch the activity that more he it rewarded, his educational pediatric career. He begins as chief of clinic and he acceded as teacher of pediatrics of the Faculty of Medicine of the National University. In the latter years he was a teacher of the same chair in the School of Medicine Juan N. Corpas. In 1942 he founded the Colombian Magazine of Pediatrics and Puericulture. In the decade of the 50s he creates and provides in the Hospital San Jose in Bogota, with help of numerous generous benefactors. Being in Paris he knew the studies on Toxoplasmosis, this research was worth the revenue him to the National Academy of Medicine. he got out of a jam itself with notable success as president of the Medical Colombian Federation.


LINA MARIA MORALES BOHORQUEZ
200711247
MEDICINA
GRUPO 10

PROFILE

Hi, my name is Lina Morales I’m 19 years old I’m studying medicine in Universidad de la Sabana and i'm so happy with my career though it's so dificult i think that it's very reward. Also I like swim, it’s my favorite sport and I practice it frequently. In my free time, I like to listen to music specially The Cardigans, Gwen Stefany and Andres Calamaro, but I love all music. I like to share with my family on weekends and I adore to go to bars and restaurants with my friends.


Lina Maria Morales Bohorquez
200711247
Medicina
Grupo 10

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE IN AFRICA

People in africa have so many customs specially Christians who use Alternative Medicine, thinking that the Bible condemns techniques such as biofeedback, maditation, herbal remedies, acupuncture, chiropractic care, hypnosis, yoga, visualization, homeopathy and aromatherapy. They think that some kinds of alternative medicine are good for health but they tink that other are bad too, for example: The Hallelujah Diet (a popular vegetarian Christian diet), also earns high marks for its emphasis on biblical nutrition, while marijuana is not recomended, despite benefical results in treating some diseases.

Yoga is fine as a complementary practice that "can improve general well-being", but it is "antithetical to biblical Christianity" when used "as a deeply religious practice with the goal of union with the divine". Prescription drugs are sometimes derived from herbal remedies (such as aspirin from willow bark). They caution readers to give more credibility to therapies that have been clinically tested in randomly controlled trials. Always the Christians promote the theological idea that thair bodies are temples of the Holly Spirit.


Lina Maria Morales Bohorquez
200711247
Medicina
Grupo 10